Gambling Disorder
Overview
Gambling Disorder, recognized as a behavioural addiction, involves persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behaviour leading to significant distress or impairment. In India, gambling activities range from traditional games to state-run lotteries and burgeoning online platforms. Despite its prevalence, Gambling Disorder often remains underreported, partly due to cultural stigmas and limited awareness.
Key Facts
- Prevalence: A study among college students in South India revealed that 19.5% had engaged in gambling, with 7.4% of these individuals exhibiting problem gambling behaviours.
- Adolescent Gambling: Research in Kerala found that 27.9% of high school students had gambled, and 7.1% were identified as problem gamblers.
- Economic Impact: The Kerala state-run lottery, established in 1967, generates significant revenue, highlighting the widespread participation in gambling activities.
Symptoms and Patterns
Individuals with Gambling Disorder may exhibit:
- Preoccupation with Gambling: Constant planning or reliving past gambling experiences.
- Inability to Control Gambling: Repeated unsuccessful efforts to reduce or stop gambling.
- Chasing Losses: Gambling more to recover previous losses.
- Lying About Gambling: Concealing the extent of involvement in gambling activities.
- Jeopardizing Relationships and Opportunities: Neglecting personal and professional responsibilities due to gambling.
Risk and Protective Factors
Risk Factors:
- Age: Younger individuals, especially adolescents, are more susceptible to developing gambling problems.
- Gender: Males are more likely to engage in gambling and develop related disorders.
- Mental Health Issues: Conditions such as depression, anxiety, and ADHD are associated with higher gambling disorder rates.
- Substance Use: Higher rates of substance use have been observed among problem gamblers.
Protective Factors:
- Strong Social Support: Engagement with supportive family and community networks can deter problematic gambling behaviours.
- Awareness and Education: Knowledge about the risks associated with gambling can serve as a preventive measure.
Treatment and Care
Addressing Gambling Disorder in India involves:
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is effective in modifying harmful gambling behaviours and thoughts.
- Support Groups: Participation in groups like Gamblers Anonymous provides peer support and shared experiences.
- Inpatient Rehabilitation: Facilities such as Alpha Healing Center in Gujarat offer structured environments for recovery.
Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions
- Behavioural Interventions: Techniques to manage triggers and develop healthier coping strategies.
- Family Therapy: Involving family members to rebuild trust and address relational dynamics affected by gambling.
- Mindfulness Practices: Incorporating meditation and stress-reduction techniques to enhance self-control.
Conclusion
Gambling Disorder presents a growing concern in India, affecting diverse age groups and socioeconomic strata. Early identification, combined with culturally sensitive therapeutic interventions, is crucial for effective management. Enhancing public awareness and expanding access to treatment resources can mitigate the personal and societal impacts of this disorder.
