Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions
- Gender and Age: Mental health conditions are more prevalent among males (13.9%) compared to females (7.5%). However, mood disorders are more common in women. The most affected age group is males aged 30–49 years.
- Urban vs. Rural: Urban metro residents have a higher prevalence of mental disorders, particularly in lower income groups.
- Suicide Risk: Among adults over 18, 0.9% are at high risk and 0.7% at moderate risk of suicide. Females (1.14%), urban metro residents (1.71%), and those aged 40–49 are the highest-risk groups.
- Youth: The prevalence of mental health disorders among 13–17-year-olds is 7.3%, with depressive disorders being the most common. This prevalence is significantly higher in urban metros (13.5%) compared to rural areas (6.9%).
Mental Health Policies, Programs, and Laws
- Treatment Gap: The treatment gap for mental health problems ranges from 28% to 83%, with significant gaps for common mental disorders, psychoses, bipolar disorders, and alcohol use disorders.
- National Mental Health Policy 2014: Calls for universal access to quality services, equitable distribution, and a holistic approach. It is implemented through various programs, including the National and District Mental Health Programmes (NMHP/DMHP).
- Mental Healthcare Act 2017: Focuses on the rights of persons with mental illness, decriminalizes suicide, and regulates electroconvulsive therapy.
Prevention and Promotion
- Awareness Generation: The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) includes activities to generate awareness, with funds provided at the district level for community involvement.
- Early Childhood and Parenting: Initiatives like the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) screen children for health conditions, including mental health, with early interventions provided.
- Bullying Prevention: Addressed under the School Health Programme as part of Ayushman Bharat.
Mental Health Services: Organization and Coverage
- District Mental Health Programme (DMHP): Implemented in 704 out of 750 districts, providing a range of mental health services, including outpatient services, counseling, and medication.
- Human Resources: There is a challenge in producing enough qualified mental health professionals, although government grants support education and training.
Other Initiatives
- The National Trust: Works for the welfare of persons with disabilities, including those with mental health issues, providing early interventions and support.
- 24/7 Helpline: A toll-free helpline is available for psychosocial support during emergencies.
